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主要成分

1.酸橙果实含橙皮甙(hesperidin),新橙皮甙(neohesperidin),油皮甙(naringin),辛弗林(synephrine),N-甲基酪胺(N-methyltyramine)。果实未成熟时含柚皮甙,野漆树甙(rhoifolin),忍冬甙(lonicerin),新橙皮甙,在果实成熟时新橙皮甙消失。另有报道果皮还含川陈皮素(nobiletin)即5,6,7, 8,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,8,3',4'hexamethoxy flavone),橙皮甙,5,6,7,8,4'-五甲氧基黄酮(5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxy flavone)即福橘素(tangeritin)、5,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(5,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone)、5,6,7,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮即甜橙素(sinensitin)、5,7,8,4'-四甲氧基黄酮(5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxy flavone)及5,7,8,4'-五甲氧基黄酮。种子含柠檬苦素类(limonoids):宜昌橙苦素(ichangin),去乙酸闹米林(deacetyl nomilin),柠檬苦素(limonin),闹米林(nomilin),黄柏酮(obacunone),去乙酰闹米林酸(deacetylnomilinic acid),异柠檬尼酸(isolimonic acid),闹米林酸(nomilinic acid)及它们的17-β-D-葡萄糖甙,还含19-羟基去乙酰闹米林酸-17-β-D-葡萄糖甙(19-hydroxydeacetylnomilinic acid-17-β-D- glucoside)。

2.甜橙果实含油皮素-7-芸香糖甙(naringenin-7-ruti-noside)即柚皮芸香甙(narirutin),异樱花素-7-芸香糖甙(isosaku-ranetin-7-rutinoside),圣草枸楷甙(eriocitrin),柚皮素-4'-葡萄糖甙-7-芸香糖甙(naringenin-4'-glucoside-7-rutinoside),辛弗林,N-甲基酪胺。果皮含橙皮甙、柚皮甙,柑属甙(citrusin)A、B、C,松柏甙(coniferin),丁香甙(syringin),去氢二松柏醇-4-β-D-葡萄糖甙(dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside),2'-O--β-木糖基牡荆素(2'-O-β-xylosylvitexin),3-羟基-5,6,7,8,3',4'-六甲氧基黄酮-3β-葡萄糖甙(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone-3β-glucoside)即川陈皮素-3-O-β-葡萄糖甙(nobiletin-3-O-β-glucoside),3,8-二葡萄糖基芹菜素(3,8-di-C-glucosylapigenin),3,8-二葡萄糖基香叶木素(3,8-di-C-glucosyldiosmetin),反香苇醇-6β-吡喃葡萄糖甙(trans-carveol-6β-glucopyranoside),a-松油醇-8-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(a-terpineol-8-β-D-glucopyranoside),9-羟基芳樟醇-9β-吡喃葡萄糖甙(9-hydroxylinalool-9-β-glucopyranoside),催吐萝芙木醇-9-O-D吡喃葡萄糖甙(vomifoliol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside),柚皮芸香甙等甙类。还含福橘素,)川陈皮素,5,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮,5,7,3',4'-四甲氧基黄酮及5,7,8,3’,4'-五甲氧基黄酮,柑属环肽(citrusin)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。

3.桐橘果实含橙皮甙,柚皮甙,新橙皮甙,枳属甙(poncirin),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),硬脂酸(stearoc acid),油酸(oleic acid),亚油酸(linoleic acid),亚麻酸(linolenic acid),辛弗林,N-甲基酪胺。未成熟果实含构橘香豆精(poncimarin),异枸橘香豆精(iso-poncimarin),7-牻牛儿醇基香豆精(7-geranyloxycoumarin)即葡萄内酯(aurapten),6-甲氧基葡萄内酯(6-methyoxyaurapten),香柑内酯(bergapten)、欧前胡内酯(imperatorin)。种子含异茴芹香豆精(isopimpinellin),栓翅芹内酯(prangenin)即独活内酯(heraclenin),栓翅芹内酯水合物(prangeninhydrate),香柑内酯,欧前胡内酯,葡萄内酯,6-甲氧基葡萄内酯及柠檬苦素,去乙酸闹米林,宜昌橙苦素,去乙酸闹米林酸,异柠檬尼酸等柠檬苦素类似物。

果皮含挥发油(0.469%),其成分有a-蒎烯(a-pinene),β-蒎烯,月桂烯(myrcene),柠檬烯(limonene),樟烯(camphene),γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene),对聚伞花素(p-cymene)及丁香烯(caryophyllene)。

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