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化学成分

姜黄根茎含姜黄素类化合物:姜黄素(curcumin),对-二羟基二桂皮酰甲烷(p,p-dihydroxydicinnamoyl methane),即双去甲氧基姜黄素(bisdemethoxycurcumin),对-羟基桂皮酰阿魏酰基甲烷(p-hydroxycinnamoylferuloylmethane),即去甲氧基姜黄素(demethoxycurcumin),二氢姜黄素(dihydrocurcumin);倍半萜类化合物:姜黄新酮(curlone),姜黄酮醇(turmeronol)A、B,大牻牛儿酮-13醛(germacrone-13-al),4-羟基甜没药-2,10-二烯-9-酮(4-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one),4-甲氧基-5-羟基甜没药-2,10-二烯-9-酮(4-methoxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one),2,5-二羟基-甜没药-3,10-二烯(2,5-dihydroxybisabola-3,10-diene),原莪术二醇(procurcumadiol),莪述双环烯酮(curcumenone),去氢莪述二酮(drhydrocurdione),(4S,5S)-大牻牛儿酮-4,5-环氧化物[(4S,5S)-germacron-4,5-epoxide],α-姜黄酮(α-turmerone),甜没药姜黄醇(bisacurone),莪述烯醇(curcumenol),异原莪述烯醇(isoprocurcumenol),莪述奥酮二醇(zedoaronediol),原莪述烯醇(procurcumenol),表原莪述烯醇(eiprocurcumenol),4,5-二羟基-甜没药-2,10-二烯(4,5-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene);酸性多糖:姜黄多糖(utonan)A、B、C、D。

挥发油(4.2%),其主要成分有姜黄酮,芳香-姜黄酮(arturmerone),姜黄烯(curcumene),大牻牛儿酮(germacrone),芳-香姜黄烯(ar-curcumene),桉叶素(cineole),松油烯(terpinene),莪术醇(curcumol),莪述呋喃烯酮(curzerenone),莪述二酮(curdione),α-蒎烯(α-pinene),β-蒎烯(β-pinene),柠檬烯(limonene),芳樟醇(linalool),丁香烯(caryophyllene),龙脑(borneol)等。还含菜油甾醇(campesterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),胆甾醇(cholesterol),脂肪酸及金属元素钾、钠、镁、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌等,锌/铜=3.7。

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