千金子种子含脂肪油48%-50%,油中含多种脂肪酸,主要有油酸(oleic acid)89.2%,棕榈酸(palmitic acid)5.5%,亚油酸(linoleic acid)0.4%,亚麻酸(linolenic acid)0.3%等,油中还含菜油甾醇(campesterol),豆甾醇(stigmasterol),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),△7-豆甾醇(△7-stigmasterol),6,20-环氧千金藤醇-5,15-二乙酸-3-苯乙酸酯即酯L1(6,20-epoxylathyrol-5,15-diacetate-3-phenylacetate,Ester L1),曾命名为千金子甾醇(eu-phorbia storoid),巨大戟萜醇-20-棕榈酸酯(ingenol-20-he-xadecanoate),7-羟基-千金藤醇-二乙酸-二苯甲酸酯即酯L2(7-hydroxylathyroldiacetate-dibenzoate,Ester L2),巨大戟萜醇-1-H-3,4,5,8,9,13,14-七去氢-3-十四酸酯(ingenol-1-H-3,4,5,8,9,13,14-hepta-dehydro-3-tetradecanoate)、千金藤醇-3,15-二乙酸-5-苯甲酸酯即酯L3(lathyrol-3,15-diacetate-5-benzoate,EsterL3)、千金藤醇-3,15-二乙酸-5-烟酸酯即酯L8(lathyrol-3,15-di-acetate-5-nicotinate,Ester L8),巨大戟萜醇-3-棕榈酸酯即酯L5(ingenol-3-hexadecanoate,Ester L5),17-羟基岩大戟-15,17-二乙酸-3-O-桂皮酸酯即酯L7a(17-hydroxyjolkinol-15,17-diacetate-3-O-cinnamate,Ester L7a),17-羟基-异千金藤醇-5,15,17-三-O-乙酸-3-O-苯甲酸酯即酯L7b(17-hydroxyisolathyrol-5,15,17-tri-O-acetate-3-O-benzoate,EsterL7b), 7-羟基千金藤醇-5,15-二乙酸-13-苯甲酸酸-7-烟酸酯即酯L9(7-hydroxylathyrol-5,15-diac-etate-3-benzoate-7-nicostinate,Ester L9)及三十一烷(hentriacontane)等。
种子还含瑞香素(daphnetin),马栗树皮甙(esculetin),千金子素(euphorbetin)及异千金子素(isoeuphorbetin)。